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Essay by prof. T.Nazmi



The Paranoia of Walter Mitty

Prof.Tayseer Nazmi 

      Every psychiatrist checks his patients history in order to get a full idea about whom he is dealing with. In Walter Mittys case the situation is different, not because his case is not yet dangerous, but because Thurber introduced Mitty to the reader of fiction more than to a psychiatrist .The reader remained ignorant about Mittys youth, real job and previous experiences that shaped his character. However Thurber depicted Mitty's character as an affable protagonist "not young any longer" who every now and then resorts to daydreams.

Symptoms and form

      These daydreams start from the first 165 military sound words of the text in which Mitty is a commander in the navy who commands a team of fighters and a war planes. Did this role satisfy Mittys psychological needs to feel highly-esteemed and important? Of course the answer is No since Thurber gave Mitty another role in his second daydream, which reveals the secret hidden life more important for Mitty than the real life. Mittys wife who is not aware of what is going on in her husbands mind noticed that Mitty was driving faster than usual and asked him why he was driving fast. Mitty did not answer her for she was "unfamiliar" to him," like a strange woman who had yelled at him in a crowd". She wished hed let Dr. Renshaw look him over. In Mittys thinking of himself as a great, stubborn, undefeatable commander this "wish" by his wife showed him as inferior to Dr. Renshaw. Mitty's immediate response was another obsession that compensates for his feeling of inferiority. The second daydream, motivated by seeing the hospital, lasted for 362 words of the text showed that Mitty is the great doctor, plus an author of a book which even the most brilliant doctors read and admired. The setting for the second fantasy was in the operation room and the patient was not less than a millionaire.

Dr. Renshaw, whom Mrs. Mitty mentioned to check Mitty, became in Mittys obsession an ordinary doctor when compared to Mittys capabilities and geniuses that attracted the concern of all doctors and nurses in the operation room. Even the newsboy with whom the old man Mitty is supposed to feel sympathy was a subject of challenge and superiority. Instead of buying himself a paper from the newsboy Mitty went through a third daydream in the court imagining himself the greatest pistol shot. A reader, while enjoying Mittys imaginative adventures, may wonder about who Mitty supports in the war and why? With the Germans in World War I, while he is now in the time of World War II, or with the French in Waterloo?

        At first, I really thought about World War II as the period of writing and publishing this story. Later on, I thought of World War I as I realized the imaginative side of Mittys dreams and obsessions. But when I examined the text more carefully I came to the conclusion that Thurber did not serve as a fighter in World War I due to the loss of one of his eyes. However, Thurber benefited from the time of war which prevailed in Mittys daydreams, not to use it as a theme, but to explore an old man's feelings and sufferings of inferiority. It is worth mentioning that, the whole story counted 2084 words; and about half of this number was dedicated to the old mans solitude and exile in a secret life of his own.

Whether Mitty served in World War I or not, he is in danger in World War II, not from the war itself, but rather than from his human weakness in facing life as it is. From a psychological point of view, he got old and lost his youth once and forever. On the basis of that, to eye-witness two World Wars is a big burden that makes any human being think, contemplate, get tensed and even ask about the meaning of life. Moreover, Mittys dreams satisfied him as being a brave fighter, a great doctor or a great pistol shot on whose arms a beautiful girl may throw herself or at least being a captain if not a commander. These roles in life could have given his life a meaning, he thinks. On the realistic level, Mitty fails to understand that the meaning of life does not need perpetual heroic deeds or adventures. That life can be meaningful without wars or killing or flying a war plane. Life, as Mrs. Mitty lives it, is satisfactory with driving a car at the speed of forty, taking care of puppies and putting ones overshoes at the store without being a millionaire. The question here is did Mitty understand that this his dreams did not exist? Thurber built his story on this contradiction, with a sense of humor that generates both revelation and joy. Mrs. Mitty is not aware of the seriousness of her husbands case. She suggests that her husbands age and being absent minded needs an ordinary doctor who might just need to check his temperature. While, Mitty could harm himself or hurt others if his case deteriorates to what medicine calls obsession compulsive neuroses or "Paranoia" disease. If Mitty is not cured from this disease, which is a psychological and not a mental one, he could become insane though he is not insane so far.

         Usually, psychological patients do not admit their illness. Mitty, is already one of those who think that when they ignore the world of realities around them they are only thinking. For four times in the story Mitty escaped from the ground to his daydreams. He refused taking orders from his wife because he could not see that she was taking care of him rather than giving orders to a commander. Since he is weak he can not show disobedience. That was the case when he showed that he would put on his gloves. But since the gloves, were connected with Dr. Renshaw, and seemed to be an order that a commander should not accept from those who are lower than him in rank, Mitty did not accept realities and soon he escaped to his imagination. When he felt obliged to put them on, he imagined himself a great doctor in a hospital and there was a great person who needed his experience.

  The series of obsessions started from the first refusal of accepting to drive a car in the street. Mitty thinks that he is too more important to drive a car in the street, so he imagined himself flying a war plane in the battle field. The same happened when he heard his wife speaking about Dr. Renshaw and the gloves. He escaped to the operating room to complete a greater task. This was repeated when he heard the newsboy telling about the court news. Instead of buying the paper and reading the real news, Mitty enforced himself in the court as he considered it more important than reading a newspaper. Even the attendant who was worried about Mitty not being able to park the car properly could not understand how a person of his age would need help or advice. Mitty always believed that small, trivial things did not match his personality so he resorted to his imagination where he could do more important things. In conclusion he did nothing.

        To trace the seriousness of Mittys case we can observe the following statistics of words in the text's structure, which shows to which extent his illness affected the form of the story:

 

The above chart shows the trends of Mitty's obsessions in comparison with the realities surrounding him. In the five shifts, his wife and others woke him up to  the real life which he could not live with. In every shift there is a sense of humor which immerges from the gap between fantasy and reality. There is always a spark word to ignite the plane of imagination and a motivating situation to provide a sense of structure and the plots growth. However, the most important thing to notice is that the story starts and ends in obsessions. Lets illustrate this point in the following diagram:

Such a self-obsessed character like Mitty needs urgent care. The story showed that an old man, who could be above 45 years old is endangering his own life by being absent minded most of the time. Mitty could have made an accident whether by not noticing that he was driving 15km more than usual, not being aware of the traffic light or even by driving aimlessly in the streets.

   Hidden sexual reasons    

Mrs. Mitty was taking care of her husband and herself at the same time. She was used to his absent mindedness. For that, she asked him to put on his gloves and to buy the overshoes. Moreover she reminded him frankly of being "not young any longer. Mitty did not think of her nor did he speak a single word while driving. Instead he thought of pretty nurses and the dark-haired girl of the court in his daydreams. He imagined other woman to come in his arms, which indicated something was wrong in Mittys relationship with his wife. In brief, a reader can question the sexual relation between them. The story is indicative of a negative answer indeed. Mrs. Mitty was going to have her hair done and Mitty did not say or think anything about this as if it did not exist. Mitty kept thinking most of the time of his ego. Most patients like him, who suffer from the lack of sexual desire plus a lack of self confidence and a persisting feeling of inferiority, not interested in being sexually satisfied nor in satisfying another.

The character of Mrs. Mitty as portrayed in this story encourages this point of view. To some extent Mittys sufferings and state of absent mindedness could be emerging from this weak part of his character. It is clear that they do not have children, and that is another reason for Mittys character acting his role in the story. The puppy biscuits could not be the equivalent of a kids present or childs need from their parents. Children always make changes in their parents life. Mittys character lies in this reality. Thurber did not make reference to this except informing us that Mrs. Mitty asked her husband to buy whats its name which means only puppy biscuits.

  Tragic and comic elements 

    I can feel the tragic part in Mittys character, though the writer depicted it skillfully in the shape of humorous, exciting adventures and comic exaggerations. The last lines of the story gave a conclusive image of the whole narration when Mrs. Mitty went inside the drugstore promising Mitty not more than a minute of time to be back and when he felt that she was away from him more than that "It began to rain, rain with sleet in it. He stood up against the wall of the drugstore, smoking. . . Then, with that faint, fleeting smile playing about his lips, he faced the firing squad; erect and motionless, proud and disdainful, Walter Mitty the Undefeated, inscrutable to the last."

         A very humorous and sympathetic ending to see Mitty in the rain as a helpless child waiting his mothers return and imagining himself as if he was facing a firing squad. While reality is that it was the sleet of rain. But can a selfish ego-centered and self-obsessed patient, who is ashamed of his own voice and feels inferiority, feel the good of it?

The good of civil life and peace? the good of rain for life?

When the name sounds      

        The name Thurber chose for such a character is well indicative of a military name in sound combinations and decisiveness. However Mitty's sound was like "thin ice breaking". This also may be another reason why he did not enjoy himself with music though he tried once to sing the French song "Auprs de Ma Blonde."

       To my knowledge most of those who develop into dictators suffer paranoia in one way or another. Mitty in his daydreams is one of them, for in spite of his own human weakness, he was dreaming of being a dominant superior, military power and never learned that a drop of water could defeat a navy bombing hydroplane.

        The second part of his name is so ironic. The word "Mitty" means a type of gloves worn by women. Both water and women stand as symbols of life and Walter Mitty carries them to lead his life. In the first part of his name if we ignore one letter in "Walter". It becomes water. Thurber knows this artistically and did not ignore the "L" letter which reflects, I feel, the battle of Waterloo. Napoleon, as some historians mentioned, was defeated in this battle because of suffering "Piles" disease. At the end Thurber mocked wars and dictators humorously by creating Mitty, whose future I foresee, may develop into criminality or insanity if not cured. But if he gets healthy, I expect a great writer will come out of his imagination's productivity. Many artists suffer from the symptom of tension until they get rid of it through practicing their art. Mrs. Mitty noticed that tension but she couldn't deal with it as a psychiatric could do.

An Arab Walter Mitty is available in Arabic in this pdf file
The previous president of The Arab Writers Union wrote the attached pdf file to one of Amman's Palace Of Justice courts as an expert in assassinating other Arab writers who dare differ.Have fun in reading it since he thought himself the judge and the real judge functions only as a reader. What a trap the real mocking satiric writer caused him to write.
Mr. President doesn't know that Henry Miller and Israel Shahak and James Thurber and other great writers are dead and Who is Fawaz Turki

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    Art Cures

 

Prof.Tayseer Nazmi 

    Although Ernest fisher was a marxist thinker and writer,  he spoke a great deal  about magic relating  this  word to  the  field  of art,  in  his  significant  book our necessity for art.  Both art and  magic,  that  we  need  to  analyses  the  story,  if not  the  tale  of  Ali  Baba  and  the  forty  thieves :

         In  the  DVD 1001 Nights,  the  entertaining  film  based  on  the tales  of  1001 nights, the Sultans  instability,  weakness  and  psychological illness he  suffers  from  betrayal are clear, besides he  is  sick  to  the  degree  of  madness.  So he needs to be cured.  His  new  wife  who  knows  him when  they  were  both children  took  the  risk  and sacrificed  her life  in taking the challenge .

     She didnt want to face the same fate that the Sultans previous wives faced since she felt from the start that she was a distinguished woman among those who were listening to the story teller . Thats why she kept in the film listening to that old mans advices which were not more than humanity heritage of experiences in life, told in the art of stories. She was taught how to understand by art. She was the only woman among others that we saw her smiling.

      Her choice of Ali babas story was touching and created lot of suspense. The Sultans illness and psychological complex go in parallel, to some extant of course, with the story plot and characters. The story created its own suspense and was very appealing to the sultans case. The first complaint that motivated her choice was the sufferings of her husband, being unable to sleep for forty nights. The interior psychological suffering was being betrayed from his wife and his brother. Ali Baba himself has a brother called Qasim and his intimate and loyal friend was not but a camel called Safa. The story tells how Safa even an animal but can be faithful more than some wife of the Sultan that caused him the big trouble in his life.

     To mention any wife of Ali Baba at the first night could be hurting and dangerous to a man who has both absolute power and psychologically sick to the degree of madness. Anyhow, the Sultan kept attached to the plot. When the sun rose and her first night ended without ending the story, the Sultan ordered his wife to tell him the end of the story. The wise wife and clever artist expressed her being tired and sleepy and that the daylight will not help the atmosphere  of the story. She indeed spoke realities and the truth of art.

    The most fatal night passed and she won her life because she used her imagination and her artistic skills in how to keep the audience in great suspense. Without that suspense art stops to be art. Her teacher, the old man, stressed this fact later when he said to her that she wouldnt let her audience expect the next event of the plot. That means in the language of fiction, the writer must be an artist who can build the internal logic of any tales sequence of events.

        The interior logic of events reached one of its climaxes in the first morning in which the story teller could have been killed. She stopped telling her story at the moment that the Sultan was very eager to know about Blackodas decision to kill Ali Baba wherever he might be.

         The second night ended the story of Ali Baba and the forty thieves without achieving one of its objectives thats to cure and insight the Sultan, but it saved his wifes life. So, to avoid losing the Sultans interest in what his new and distinguished wife unexpectedly approaching, the artist responded to the word trick which was said by her powerful husband by a counterpart trick of art.

       While she was ending her first story of Ali Baba being married to his loyal and sincere friend who saved his life from the semi-Trojan trick of the revenger and the murderer thieves, she generated her second story of Pickpak by introducing its  introductory setting and the name of its main character Pickpak that draws attention, during the wedding party of Ali Baba and his loyal wife. So, before ending the first story she actually generated the second story from the first.

      The second story differs in its characters and theme as well in its plot and form, but the moral lessons will be repeated and the suspense will function in letting the Sultan think gradually of other themes rather than the persisting theme of betrayal. Moreover the comic character of Pickpak itself is entirely strange and optimistic in its view and attitude to life. Pickpak died laughing and by his death he even made people laugh. The negative side of his death in accusing too many people of murdering was solved on basis of justice and peoples catharsis.

           Power if misused by the judge of the court or by evil in other characters could have hanged an innocent human being who didnt murder anyone for the sake of money.

         The theme of power, wealth and loyalty kept repeating in several forms and plots throughout the most of the tales which were constructed by the director of the film in the western form and structure of modern short story technique. The director benefited a great deal from what once E.M.Foster mentioned about several sorts of arts when he said that arts will borrow from each other when they progress. Had the stories been unfolded only by narration might not help the ordinary reader or watcher from getting bored. Instead, the director made other elements of art function to create more interest, suspense and entertainment. He directed the audiences imagination to be aware of the Sultans imagination also. So, he applied to the senses; music, architecture and painting through creating a fascinating background for each event of the story such as the scene of the cave in the tale of Ali Baba and the underground symmetry in Mustafas or the Arabic few words to create credibility and convince. These additions from the director are very related and without getting the audiences attention goes astray.

      Like magic itself, some scenes were introduced to let the sequence of stories remain with high suspense and entertainment. By all these elements of art, the DVD 1001 Nights was convincing, entertaining and like the Sultan, the audience couldnt get out of it without epiphany and cure.